Sunday, May 28, 2017

Names from 11th Century Carcassonne

Mistress Alys Mackyntoich
alys.mackyntoich@gmail.com
May 2017


The data in this article were extracted from Latin-language charters and letters published on Epistolæ (http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/), a website maintained by Columbia University collecting writings to and from women in the Middle Ages. The letters are transcribed in the original Latin with translations into modern English by Professor Joan Ferrante of Columbia University.
Carcassonne is located in the south of France.  Although the charters from which the names were extracted were written in Latin, the local vernacular language was Occitan or Langue d’Oc.  When creating an SCA name, the elements in this article would be considered part of the French language group under Appendix C of SENA.

I.         Naming Patterns
A.  For Men
The data show a wide variety of naming patterns for men, with multiple forms of patronymic bynames and locative bynames.  These most common patterns are:
[given name] + de + [place name]
[given name] + [adjective form of a place name, using the suffix –ensis]
[given name] + filius + [father’s name in the genitive case]
[given name] + [father’s name in the genitive case]
[given name] + [father’s name in the genitive case] + de + [place name]
[given name] + [surname]
Many men, particularly those in religious offices, are known solely by their title, such as Petrus presbyter and Frotardo abbati.
There is one example of the adjectival form of the place name coming before the given name: Narbonensis Guilfredi
There is one example in the data of [given name] + cognomento + [name].
The data contains one instance of what may be a matronymic byname in the form [given name] + filia + [mother’s name in the genitive form]. 
By far the most interesting pattern found in the data is the existence of what appear to be double given names.  Multiple men are identified two names that are clearly given names by context.  The transcriptions join these compound names with a hyphen, but the hyphen may not exist in the original documents.  It is unclear whether these are true double given names or some form of unmarked patronym.  For the purposes of this article, I have treated each element of a double given name as an instance of the individual name – for example, Petrus-Raymundi is recorded as an instance of Petrus and an instance of Raymundi.
B.  For Women
This data set contains a fairly large number of female names for the time period.  Most women have no byname at all or are known by their titles, such as Rangardis comitissa. However, there are also instances of matronymic bynames in the form [given name] + filia + [mother’s name in the genitive form].




II.        Given Names
A.    How to Use the Data
Not all spellings found in the text are registerable name spellings for SCA purposes.  Latin spelling varies depending on whether the given name appears as the subject or object of the original sentence.  Only the nominative forms can be used to create given names.  Nominative forms usually end in –us.  Forms ending in –i generally are genitive forms and can be used to create patronymic surnames using the pattern [given name] + filius or filia + [genitive father’s name].
The bolded header forms are the most common nominative forms of the given names.  The forms under the heading are those actually found in the texts.  Where the nominative form is not found in any of the texts, I have extrapolated the likely nominative form based on other period examples.  The numbers in the parenthesis are the dates of documents in which the name is found.

B.  Male Given Names
Adalbertus
      Adalberti (1066, 1067)
      Adalbertus (1070)
      Adalbert (1069)
Aigolfus
      Aigolfi (1099)
Alamandus
      Alamandi (1068)
Alexandrus
      Alexandri (1067)
Amaldus
      Amaldo (1069)
Amelius
      Ameli (1099)
      Amelii (1099)
Arnallus
      Arnal (c. 1090)\
      Arnalli (1058, 1067)
      Arnallum (1067)
      Arnallus (1067)
Ato / Atto
      Ato (1069, 1099)
      Atto (1084, c. 1090)
Azedmarus
      Azedmari (1067)
Baro
      Baro (c. 1075, 1084)
Begonus
      Begoni (c. 1090)
Beliard
      Beliard (1059)
Berengarius
      Berengarii (1058, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1070, 1071)
      Berengarius (1064)
Bernardus
      Bernar (c.1090)
Bernard (1067)
Bernardi (1066, 1067, 1067/68, 1070, c. 1075)
Bernardo (1066, 1069, 1071, c. 1090)
Bernardum (1099)
Bernardus (1068, 1069, 1070, 1084, 1089, 1097, 1099)
Bertranus / Bertrandus
      Bertrandi (1067)
      Bertrani (c. 1075)
      Bertranno (1066)
Bonifilius
      Bonifilii (1070)
Bremundus
      Bremundo (1069)
Durandus
      Durandi (1068)
      Durando (1068)
      Duranno (1068)
Elisarius
      Elisiarii (1066)
      Elisiarni (1066)
Engelbert
      Engelbert (1069)
Enricus
      Enrici (1067)
      Henrici (1066)
Ermemirus
      Ermemiri (1058)
Escafredus    
      Escafredi (1089)
Fredelonus
      Fredeloni (1066)
Frotardus
      Frotardo (1062, 1066)
Froterius / Frotarius
      Frotarii (1062)
      Froterii (1068, c.1075)
      Froterio (1069)
      Froterius (1069)
Fulcho
      Fulcho (1099)
Gaucelinus
      Gaucelini (1067)
Gauzbertus
      Gauzberti (1066, 1068)
Gauzfredus   
      Gauzfredo (1067)
Giraldus
      Geraldi (1066, 1068)
      Geraldo (1067)
      Giraldo (c. 1075)
      Giraldus (1069)
      Guiraldi (1068)
Girbertus
      Girbert (1064)
      Girberti (1067)
      Girberto (1064)
      Girbertus (1064)
Guifredus / Gifredus / Guilfredus /
      Gifredi (1067)
      Guifredi (1068)
      Guifredus (1070)
      Guilfredi (1067)
Guigo
      Guigo (1084)
      Guigonis (1084)
Guitardus
      Guitardi (1066)
Hermengaudus
      Ermengaudi (1067)
      Hermengaudi (1084)
Hugo
      Hugone (1066)
      Hugoni (1066)
      Hugonis (1066)
      Ugo (1089)
      Ugonis (1067)
Imbertus
      Imberti (1068)
Ioannis
      Ioannes (1067)
      Ioannis (1066, 1067)
Lodgarius
      Lodgario (1070)
Lupus
      Lupi (1068)
Martinus
      Martinum (1099)
Matfredus
      Matfredi (1068)
Miro
      Miro (1064, 1069)
      Mironem (1069)
      Mironis (1058, 1064, 1067)
Oliverius
      Oliverii (1067)
Osmundus
      Osmundus (1099)
Oto
      Otone (1070, 1071)
Petrus
Petri (1067, 1067/68, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1099)
Petro (1066, 1069, 1070, c. 1090)
Petronis (c. 1075)
Petronum (1063)
Petrum (1084)
Petrus (1062, 1063, 1067/68, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1084)
Philippus
Philippi (1063, 1064, 1067/68, 1070 1071)
Philippo (1062, 1066, 1067, 1069, 1084, 1089, c. 1090, 1097, 1099)
Poncius
      Poncii (1067, c. 1090)
      Poncius (1067, 1069, 1084)
      Pontii (1099)
      Pontio (1066)
Pons
      Pons (1099)
Raimbaldus
      Raimbaldo (1066)
Raymundus
Raimundi (1066, 1067, 1070)
Raimundo (1070)
Raimundus (1064, 1067)
Raymundi (1067/68, 1071, 1084, 1089)
Raymundo (1071, c. 1090)
Raymundus (1059, 1062, 1063, 1066, 1067/68, 1069, 1084)
Remendi (1070)
Remundi (1067, 1070)
Ricalfus / Riculfus
      Ricalfi (1067)
      Riculfi (1069)
Ricardus
      Ricardi (1058)
      Ricardum (1058)
Rodgarius / Rotgarius
Rodgarii (1070, 1071)
Rodgario (1067/68, 1071)
Rodgarius (1067/68)
Rotgerii (1062)
Rogerius
Rogarius (1068)
Rogerio (1063)
Rogerium (1063)
Rogerius (1063)
Rostagnus
      Rostagni (1066, 1084)
      Rostagno (1066)
      Rostagnus (1084)
Scimon
      Scimon (1067)
Sigarius
      Segario (1066)
      Sigarii (1069)
      Sigerii (1068)
Spirano    
      Spirani (c. 1075)
Stephanus
      Stephani (1067, 1068, c. 1075, 1084)
      Stephanus (1067, 1069, c. 1090)
Tritmundus
      Tridmundo (1066)
      Tritmundus (1084)
Udalardus
      Udalardi (1069)
Udalgarius
      Udalgarii (1067)
Umbertus
      Umberto (1066)
Willelmus
Guillelmi (1062, 1068, 1099)
Guillermi (1067)
Guillermus (1067, 1070)
Wilelmus (1062)
Willelmi (c. 1075, 1084, c. 1090)
Willelmus (1062, 1084)
Willhermi (1089)

C.  Female Given Names
Adala
      Adala (1066)
Adalais
Adalais (1062)
Adalaidis (1070)
Adalez (1067)
Almodis
      Adalmodi (1067/68)
      Adalmodis (1067)
      Alamudis (1068)
      Almode (1067)
      Almodi (1071, 1071)
      Almodis (1058, 1064, 1066, 1067)
Amelia
      Ameliae (1071)
Arnsidis
      Arnsidam (1067)
Caecilia
      Caecilia (1097)
Ermengardis
      Ermengardem (1068)
      Ermengardis (1062, 1067, 1067/68, 1070, 1084, 1089, 1090, 1097)
      Ermingarda (c. 1075)
      Ermingardis (1067/68)
      Hermengard (1069)
      Hermengardis (1069, 1084, 1099)
      Hermingarda (c. 1075)
Garsindis
      Garsindis (1062)
Guillelma
      Guilherma (1069)
      Guillelma (1070)
      Wilherma (1069)
Mantilis
      Mantilis (1067)
Rangardis
Raingardis (1062)
Rangard  (1059)
Rangarda (1063)
Rangardam (1059)
Rangardi (1071)
Rangardis (1067, 1070, 1071, 1090)
Rengarde (1063)
Rengardis (1059, 1063, 1067)
Trudgarda (possibly Trudgardis)
      Trudgarda (1063)


III.      Bynames
            This section includes bynames found in the data that were not patronymics.  If the form in the text was not the nominative form, I have indicated the nominative form as the header.  Where possible, the meanings of the bynames have been noted in italics.
abbatus (1062)                                    abbot
Altemir (1058, 1067)
Aquiniensis (1066)                             of Aix
Auxiensis (1066)                                of Auch
Avinionensis (1066)                           of Avignon
Batallia (1063)
Barcheonensis (1064, 1066, 1068)     of Barcelona
Biterrensis (1062, 1070)                    of Béziers
capiscolius (1066)                              choir leader
Carcassonensis (1067, 1070, 1071)   of Carcassonne
Caunensis (1062)                                of Caunes
Cluniensis (1066)                               of Cluny
cognomento Trencavels (1070)         known as Trencavels
Dalmati (1066, 1068)                         from Dalmatia (Croatia)?
de Alto-pullo (1084)                          of Altpol
de Alverno (c. 1075)
de Barbarano (1066)
de Bernizo (c.1075)
de Cantul (1069)
de Capraria (1066)                             of Cabrières
de Carcassona (1067/68, 1099)          of Carcassonne
de Caunas (1070)                                of Caunes
de Cervaria (1069)
de Cerviano (1068)                             of Servian
de Clarenciaco (c.1075)                     of Clarensac
de Claromonte (1067)
de Coquinas (1067)
de Fox (1067/68)                                of Foix
de Ispania (1064)                                of Spain
de Medenis (1066)                             of Médis
de Moisiaco (1067)                            of Moissac
de Montepessulano (1068)                 of Montpellier
de Ornadons (1070)
de Petrataliada (1068)
de Ponça[1] (1067)                                of Pons
de Poskeriis (1066)                            of Posquières
[de] Proliano (1063)
de Redez (1067, 1067/68)
de Sancta Maria (1067/68)                 of Saint Mary
de Saragoza (1064)                             of Zaragoza
de Tarraga (1069)
      de Tarrega (1058, 1069)
de Tolosa (1067/68)                           of Toulouse
de Villaflorani (1099)
de Villemagna (1067)
Gerundensis (1066)                            of Girona
Isarni (1064, 1067)
Magalonensis (1066)                          of Maguelone
Massiliensis (1066)                            of Marseille
Menerbensis (1070)                           of Minerve
monachus (1066, 1067)                      monk
Monaello (c. 1090)
Narbonensis  (1067/58, 1070)            of Narbonne
Nemausensis (1062)                           of Nimes
Picart (c. 1090)                                   Picard (from Picardy)
Picola (1067)
Pictavinus (1084)                               of Poitiers
Redensis (1070)                                  of Razès
Rutenensis (1066)                              of Rouergue





[1]  The transcription notes that the cedilla appears in the source text.

No comments:

Post a Comment