A Small Sample of Eastern Algonquian Names (1609-1650)

(last updated 12/8/2021)

            I recently found a number of pre-1650 contracts between Dutch settlers and Native Americans living in the areas of present-day New Jersey and New York.  These contracts contain Dutch phonetic renderings of Native American personal names.  

        Variant spellings of what appears to be the same name are included on the same line.  From context, all of the names appear to be masculine.

            The land contracts at issue were primarily with the Lenape and Mahican peoples.  However, the Dutch were also in trading relationships with the Mohawk/Iroquois and Susquehannock peoples, and it is not always clear from the contracts themselves to what tribe or nation the Indigenous parties belonged.  Based on the lands involved, the names are almost certainly from the Algonquian language family, specifically one of the Eastern Algonquian languages.  I do not have the expertise to identify the  language more narrowly than that.

            The contracts do not give enough data to establish any naming patterns.  They record single names.  For SCA purposes, a person wishing to portray a Native American persona could register one of these given names combined with a neutral byname, such as a branch name like of the East or the name of the person’s local group, or possibly with a Dutch element.  It might also be possible to use one of the recorded place names to create a locative byname, although more research is needed to establish the pattern such a name would use.

            This article is intended as a starting place, rather than a final word.  There is much more research to be done in this area.

Male Names

Abantsene / Abantzeene

Aepjen

Afarouw

Anehoopoen

Ararijkan / Ararykan

Arommeauw 

Asvachkou

Awachkouw / Awaghkou

Cacapeteyno / Kakappetteno / Kakapeteyno / Kakapetteyno / Kakapoteyno

Cottamack

Eesanques

Ehetyn / Ehetin

Janqueno

Kachpohor

Kanamoack

Kemptas

Ketachkwawars

Ketamau

Kikitoauw

Kottamack

Krahorat

Mathamen

Mechowodt / Mechowot

Mekowetick

Menqueuw

Nancoutamhat / Nanaucontamhat

Nawanemit

Neumers

Oratany

Packamieus

Paepechkene

Papsickene

Pennawys / Penhawis / Pewihas / Pewichaas

Pemhake

Piscamoc

Pokahake

Ponitaranachgyne

Quesquaeskous / Quesquakoos

Rechgawac

Sackwewew

Sackwomeck

Sacoock

Sagiskzva / Sagiskwa

Saheinsios

Sawowouwe

Sepinto

Seyseys / Seysey

Sickenosen / Sickeposem

Siconesius

Siearewach

Suarinkehink / Suarinkehinck

Suwirau

Tamekap

Tattoepan

Techepewoya / Techepeuwya

Tekwappo

Tenkirauw

Tequemet / Tequemeck

Tetemakwemama

Tirkirauw

Wappinttawachkenis / Wappittawackenis / Wappettawackenis

Wapyquart

Warinckehinck / Warinkehinck

Wattewochkouw

Wieromies

Wissipoack / Wissipoock

Wiwyt

Wuoyt

 

Place Names

Aressick

Castetuen / Castuteeuw / Keskateuw

Gouwanes

Hobocanhackingh

Keshaechquereren

Kekeskick / Kekeskich

Klaverrack

Merechkawikingh

Minnahanonck

Pagganck

Papenakick

Renegakonck / Rinnegaconck / Rinnegachonck

Rumegaconck

Sannahhagag

Saphorakan

Semesseeck

Sewanhacky / Suan Hacky / Suwanhackingh

Sickajoock

Sintsinck

Tenkenas

Wierpos

 

 

Bibliography:

Bassi, Daniella Franccesca, Dutch-Indian Land Transactions, 1630-1664: A Legal Middle Ground of Land Tenures, University of Vermont (2017)  (https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1713&context=graddis)

Gehring, C. trans./ed., New York Historical Manuscripts: Dutch, Vols. GG, HH & II, Land Papers, 1630-1664 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.: 1980).

A Silver Wheel text

 Riffing on some of the Sawyer Charters for something with an Old English look and feel:

We, Tindal and Alberic, Consuls of the Eastern Empire, took care to commit to writing this our gift and endowment to Thomas of Mountain Freehold, our most faithful and diligent servant, so that our words and deeds should not be negated with the passage of time, either through the lack of care of our successors or through some kind of envy or dishonesty. With the agreement and authorization of our many nobles, We do hereby endow and invest the said Thomas with the Order of the Silver Wheel; and so that no man puffed up by the swellings of pride might attack this gift, neither a king nor a duke nor a princeps nor a prepositus nor persons of any station, We do hereby command, ordain and instruct the said Thomas to wear upon his person the sigil of the Order aforenamed: (Fieldless) A cartwheel argent.  So done and caused to be done in the fifty-sixth year of the Society, first of our reign.

And this is what my clever collaborator, Aurelia Colleoni a'Buccafurno, did with it:

Yehuda's OGR Scroll

I'm back to writing texts after a lot of time off.  Most of them have been small and quick, to help out scribes with writers' block, but this is one of the cool and interesting ones.  The calligrapher/illuminator, Keziah Planchet, asked me the catnip question: "I need a lot of words to fit this design.  How long a text can you give me?"   

The starting point for the text was not a legal charter this time, but rather, one of the introductory prefaces to Ridolfo Capo Ferro's Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma (1610), one of the foundational treatises of the Italian rapier style; a fine starting place for a rapier award.

Tindal and Alberic, Consules of the republic of the East, give greeting to each and every person to whose notice the present letter comes.

Great men of wisdom write that the sword is the noblest weapon above all others.  Yet the carrying of arms alone is not what makes a completely valorous man.  No one truly can bear a sword with honour if he has not first humbled himself, and placed himself under the law and rules of the discipline of fencing, which, in the manner of sharpened flint, and honing valour, reduces a man to the apex of his true perfection.  The value and the excellence of this discipline is such that everyone should give as much care thereunto, as they love their own life, and the security of their native land, being obligated to spend that lovingly and valorously in the service thereof.  Indeed, the discipline of fencing is so laudable and so necessary that mere mortal men have labored greatly under the weight of recounting all of its excellence.  It is extolled in the due order of its merit, for which it is greatly prized and honoured, and always praised, and the greatness and valour are commended of those who practice the art and thus worthily carry the sword at their side.

Among those who practice the art of fencing there shines gloriously the most illustrious Yehuda ben Moshe, because not only is he endowed with full and marvellous advantage of the sword, honed by practice of the discipline of fencing, but also of every other noble art, as his heroic actions by the same, to the wonder of all, clearly make manifest.  Therefore, We do by these present letters confer, bestow and endow unto the said Yehuda our Order of the Golden Rapier, to have, hold, occupy, enjoy and exercise the company thereof, along with all rights, profits, commodities and emoluments whatsoever deemed now and from ancient times to be owed or pertaining to the companions of the said order, for the term of his life.  So done and caused to be done in the fifty-fifth year of the Society, first of our Consulship, before witnesses in our Court.

And this is what Keziah, my wonderful collaborator, did with it: