BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE: Are you using a language from a culture that had “orders”?
As stated in the April 2011 Cover Letter:
[S]ome times and places are just out of luck for the creation of herald's titles and order names. We have no evidence that either were in use before the 12th century, and only a few patterns were in use before 1300. That means that languages that fell out of use before that time (Old Norse, Old English, Frankish, etc.) cannot be used to create heraldic titles or order names, as there are no patterns for them to follow.
(1) Document the pattern for the Order name:
Order names need to be based on documented patterns. Almost all of the currently known documented patterns are found in Juliana de Luna's "Medieval Secular Order Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/order/new/).
Precedent allows for a few other Order names not listed in Juliana's article: (a) the pattern of naming orders after the given names of individuals [Order of Taillefer, 5/2011 LoAR, A-Lochac]; and (b) the pattern of using the names of pagan gods in place of saints. [East, Kingdom of the. Order name Order of Artemis, 6/2013 LoAR, A-East].
For example: The name Order of the Blue Cup follows the pattern of color + heraldic charge found in Juliana de Luna's "Medieval Secular Order Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/order/new/ListingOfStandardForms.html#AllColorCharge).
(2) Document the designator.
Order names contain two parts: the designator and the substantive element. In "Order of the Pelican," Order is the designator, and Pelican is the substantive element.
Most designators can be documented from Appendix E of SENA. However, there are some new precedents on designators that have not yet made it into Appendix E: (a) Company can be used as an Order name designator [May 2013 Cover Letter]; and (b) Fellowship can be used as an Order name designator [Nov. 2014 Cover Letter].
For example, for the Order of the Blue Cup, Order is one of the designators found in Appendix E.
SENA NPN.1.B.2 permits a Lingua Anglica (modern American English) designator to be combined with a substantive element from another language.
When creating an Order name, the preposition matches the language of the designator. SENA NPN.1.B.2 gives the following examples:
For example, either Order of the Levrier or Ordre du Levrier is registerable for the meaning 'order of the hound', but Order du Levrier and Ordre of the Levrier are not; in each one, the preposition and article do not match the language of the designator.
(3) Document the substantive element
The substantive element(s) of Order names need to be documented. The type of documentation needed is based on the type of the Order name.
(a) Use the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry to identify period heraldic charges
If the Order name is one that uses a heraldic charge, the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry is the best place to look for evidence that a charge was used in period.
For example: To document the Order of the Blue Cup, a cup is a period heraldic charge, "found in the arms of de Argentine c.1244 [Asp2 216]" according to the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry (http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cup/).
(b) Use standard naming sources to document personal names used in Order names
Where the Order name is based on a personal name or a saint's name, use standard name resources to document the name.
For example: For the name Order of Primavera, the personal name Primavera can be documented from "Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427" by Arval Benicoeur (https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/#alpha). SENA NPN.1.B.2 permits the Lingua Anglica "Order of" to be combined with the Italian "Primavera."
By precedent, any name documented to period may be treated as a saint's name for the purposes of naming Orders. [Caer Galen, Barony of. Order name Order of Saint William the Cooper, 7/2006 LoAR, A-Outlands].
(c) Check for consistency of language
The entire Order name can, if the group wishes, be in modern American English under the Lingua Anglica rule. However, if using a foreign language, then the entire substantive element must be in the same language.
For example: The Barony of Carillion submitted the Order of Saint Ruprecht, based on the German given name Ruprecht, which was found s.n. Ruprecht dated to c.1390, 1396 in "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" by Talan Gwynek (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm). Since the spelling "Saint" was not found in German, the substantive element had to be changed to Sante to be entirely German.
(d) Use only standard heraldic colors or their common vernacular terms
By long-standing precedent, order names that follow the color + charge pattern "must use the ordinary color term for a heraldic tincture appropriate for the language of the order name." [May 2009 Cover Letter]. More recent precedent now also permits "the use of heraldic color terms in order names as well as the everyday terms." [April 2012 Cover Letter].
Silver is considered the everyday color term for the heraldic tincture argent; Golden or Gold are considered ordinary color terms for the tincture Or. [May 2008 Cover Letter].
However, to date, no convincing evidence has been presented for the use of non-heraldic color names, including the names for particular shades of a color, like scarlet or crimson. [April 2012 Cover Letter].
Order names using the color + charge pattern are usually put the color first, but, when using heraldic color terms, can put the color after the charge name. [Stonemarche, Barony of. Order name Order of the Keystone Vert, 8/2012 LoAR, A-East].
For example: Order of the Blue Cup is registerable using the ordinary color name for the heraldic tincture azure. Order of the Azure Cup is also registerable, as is Order of the Cup Azure. Order of the Sapphire Cup or Order of the Teal Cup are not.
(4) Document the words and spellings used
All of the words used in the Order name should be documented to period if possible. This is most important when the word itself is the substantive element, such as where the Order name is based on a virtue word or personal name.
The Middle English Dictionary is available on line and is searchable. It is an excellent place to search for period spellings of words.
The OED is also an excellent source, but requires a subscription for on-line use.
Shakespeare's plays are also good sources for documenting words to period and are searchable on line at http://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/
For French terms, Cotgrave's 1611 Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues is also searchable on line at http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/
A similar searchable dictionary for Italian from 1598 is also available on line at http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/florio1598/
(5) Clearing conflicts the easy way
Designators are "transparent" for the purposes of conflict. Thus, the Fellowship of Valor would conflict with the registered Order of Valor (August 1987, West).
Under S.E.N.A. NPN.3.C, the addition of a local group name to the substantive element clears conflicts. Therefore, the Order of Valor of the East did not conflict with the Order of Valor and was registered in November 2013.
(6) Putting it all together
For the Order of the Silver Hour-glass:
This name follows the pattern of color + heraldic charge found in Juliana de Luna's "Medieval Secular Order Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/order/new/ListingOfStandardForms.html#AllColorCharge).
Order is a standard designator found in Appendix E.
The May 2008 Cover Letter permits "the use of Silver as the ordinary color name of argent." The spelling silver is dated to c. 1330 in the Middle English Dictionary s.v. aughte.
An hourglass is a period heraldic charge found in the arms of White, 1534 [Parker 335] and of von Kerstlingerode, 1605 [Siebmacher 179] according to the Pic Dic (http://mistholme.com/dictionary/hourglass/). The spelling hour-glass appears in Shakespeare's Henry V (c. 1599), in the Prologue, scene 1.
For the Company of Saincte Yolente:
This Order name follows the pattern of naming orders after saints, found in Juliana de Luna's "Medieval Secular Order Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/order/new/).
Company is a permitted designator for Order names per the May 2013 Cover Letter.
SENA NPN.1.B.2 permits a Lingua Anglica designator to be combined with a substantive element from another language.
Saincte is found in Cotgrave's 1611 French-English Dictionary as the word for a female saint (http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/search/845l.html).
Yolente is a female French given name found in "Names from Artois, 1601" by Aryanhwy merch Catmael (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/french/1601fem.html)
