Sunday, April 27, 2014

Finished Article: LATINIZED NAMES FROM 12TH CENTURY JERUSALEM

Latinized Names from 12th Century Jerusalem
Alissa Pyrich
(known in the SCA as Alys Mackyntoich)
September 2014

  A few formatting problems, but otherwise this is complete.         

 The data in this article was extracted from fourteen Latin-language charters issued by Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem, between 1144 and 1160.  These charters were issued either by Melisende individually or jointly with her son King Baldwin.  The charters are published on Epistolæ (http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/), a website maintained by Columbia University collecting writings to and from women in the Middle Ages. The letters are transcribed in the original Latin with translations into modern English by Professor Joan Ferrante of Columbia University.

Naming Patterns
            The most common name pattern for men is a locative byname.  Most frequently, such names occur in the data as [given name] + de + [place name]
Some men are identified based on a third declension genitive form of the place name, e.g., Philippus Neapolitanus, Johannes Tyrensis.  This form is most commonly used for church officials and rulers of a place, but is also sometimes used for non-ruling nobles.  It is not clear whether this form would ever have been used for anything except a written record.  For SCA purposes, however, it would probably be registerable as the written form of a name.
            A smaller number of men are identified by occupational bynames, generally based on functions of the court, e.g., Petrus thesaurarius, Guillelmus marescalcus regis.  At least one man is identified as someone’s servant, Robertus Crispini pincerna (“Robert, Crispin’s butler”).
Finally, some men are identified by a given name plus an umarked byname.  Some of these bynames are clearly descriptive in nature.  For example:
Guillelmus Rufus (“the red”)
Fulco Niger (“the black”)
Albertus Lombardus (“the Lombard”)
Other meanings are less clear.  Where I have been able to give a reasonable interpretation of the meaning of a byname, I have.
Only a small number of women are identified in the charters.  With the exception of Queen Melisende, they do not have independent bynames, but are known merely as the wives of their husbands.  Melisende (most commonly known as Milisendis in the documents) is identified by her title as Queen of Jerusalem.
Given Names
            The bolded header forms are the most common nominative forms of the given names.  The forms under the heading are those actually found in the texts.  Where the nominative form is not found in any of the texts, I have extrapolated the likely nominative form based on other period examples. 
Note that only the nominative forms can be used to create given names for SCA purposes.  Forms ending in –i generally are genitive forms and can be used to create patronymic surnames using the pattern [given name] + filius + [genitive father’s name], e.g., Arnulfus filius Crispini.
1.      Male Given Names
Aimericus
Aimericus (1146, 1160)
Albagnanus
Albaganus (1156)
Albertus
Albertus (1151, 1156, 1160)
Amalricus
Amalrici (1152, 1155, 1156)
Amalricus (1150, 1151, 1156, 1160)
Andreas
Andreas (1151, 1155)
Angerannus
Angeranni (1159)
Arnulfus
Arnulfus (1151)
Babinus
Babinus (1151, 1152, 1155)
Balduinus
Ba[l]dwinus (1144)
Baldeuinus (1146-47)
Baldewino (1150)
Balduini (1152, 1156, 1160)
Balduino (1146-47)
Balduinus (1146, 1151, 1155, 1156, 1159, 1160)
Barisanus
Barisanus (1160)
Bencelinus
Bencelinus (1152)
Bencellinus (1151)
Benedictus
Benedictus (1146)
Bernardus
Bernardus (1144, 1146)
Bertram
Bertram (1160)
Bertrannus (1156)
Britius
Britius (1150)
Costantius
Costantius (1146-47)
Crispinus
Crispini (1146)
Ermenaudus
Ermenaudus (1152)
Ernesius
Erneis (1150)
Ernesius (1146)
Eustachius
Eustachius (1151, 1155)
Fridericus
Fiderici (1156)
Friderici (1156)
Fulco
Fulco (1144, 1150, 1152, 1159)
Fulconis (1146-47, 1151, 1155)
Galterius
Galterius (1159)
Gauterius (1151)
Galvannus
Galvannus (1155)
Gaufridus
Gaufridus (1146-47, 1151, 1156)
Godefridus (1146)
Godofridi (1152)
Georgius
Georgius (1151)
Geraldus
Geraldus (1146)
Giraldus (1156)
Gerardus
Gerardus (1146-47, 1159, 1160)
Geraudi (1159)
Geraudus (1159)
Girardus (1144, 1151)
Gerbertus
Gerbertus (1160)
Gilbertus
Gilbertus (1151)
Gillebertus (1160)
Gislebertus
Gislebertus (1160)
Gormundus
Gormundus (1159)
Guermundus (1159)
Guido
Guido (1155)
Guidoni (1146)
Guidonis (1156, 1160)
Gunterius
Gunterius (1160)
Helias
Helias (1152)
Henricus
Henricus (1156)
Herbertus
Herberti (1146)
Herbertus (1150, 1152, 1159)
Hugo
Hugo (1155, 1159)
Hugonis (1156)
Humfredus
Humfredus (1155, 1159)
Iohannes
Ihoannem (1151)
Iohannes (1150, 1151, 1152, 1155)
Iohannis (1151)
Johannes (1146, 1160)[1]
Lambertus
Lambertus (1160)
Manasses
Manases (1150)
Manasses (1146, 1151)
Marinus
Marinus (1159)
Milo
Milo (1146-47)
Nicholaus
Nicholaus (1150, 1151, 1152)
Odo
Odo (1152, 1155, 1159)
Orricus
Orricus (1146, 1151)
Ottho
Ottho (1159)
Paganus
Paganus (1146)
Petrus
Petres (1150)
Petros (1150)
Petrosus (1151, 1155)
Petrus (1146, 1146-47, 1150, 1151)
Philippus
Philippus (1150, 1151, 1155, 1156, 1159)
Pilatus
Pilatus (1160)
Radulfus
Radulfi (1146, 1146-47, 1155, 1159, 1160)
Radulfus (1151, 1160)
Radulphus (1152)
Rodulphi (1156)
Raimundus
Raimundo (1146-47)
Raimundus (1146-47)
Rainaldus
Rainaldus (1146-47, 1150, 1156)
Raynaldus (1160)
Rainardus
Rainardus (1159)
Rainerius
Rainerius (1156)
Rainerus (1160)
Ranerius (1146-47)
Robertus
Roberto (1146-47)
Robertus (1146, 1146-47, 1155, 1156, 1159)
Roches
Roches (1152)
Rogerius
Rogerius (1146-47, 1151)
Rohardus
Roardus (1156)
Rohardi (1146-47)
Rohardus (1144, 1146-47, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1159, 1160)
Sado
Sado (1144, 1146)
Salomon
Salomon (1151)
Senoreth
Senoreth (1150)
Stephanus
Stephani (1159)
Stephanus (1146-47, 1160)
Symon
Simon (1160)
Symon (1151, 1159)
Thomas
Thomas (1151, 1155)
Thosetus
Thosetus (1152)
Umbertus
Umbertus (1151)
Willelmus
Gilelmus (1146-47)
Guglielmus (1156)
Guillelmus (1155, 1159, 1160)
Willelmi (1146-47, 1152)
Willelmo (1159, 1160)
Willelmus (1159)
Ysaac
Ysaac (1155)

2.      Female Given Names
Bruna
Bruna (1155)
Brunaquoque (1151)
Geltidis
Geltidis (1152)
Gilla
Gille (1146-47)
Milisendis
Melisendis (1156)
Milesendis (1150, 1152)
Milisenda (1146-47)
Milisendis (1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1159, 1160)
Milsendis (1146-47)
Odula
Odula (1146-47)

3.      “Syrian” Given Names
            Two charters (1150 and 1152) identify a number of persons as “Syrians” (“Surianos” in Latin).  I have sorted these names separately, including only the names of persons specifically identified as “Syrians.”  Where the individuals have bynames, those are provided.   
Ariz
Bolferag
Brahim           
Brahin
Cosmas
Demsis
Gerges
Hapderahmen
Hasem
Iacob
Ihanna
Kannet
Mahmut
Meferreg
Melpedem
Mozzageth suriano
Nasen 
Nazer
Resselelm
Rosee
Sade
Sahe
Salem
Salem filio Sade
Samuel
Seimahian
Seleemen
Selim
Selmen filio Maadi
Tameh
Ysaac
Zafer



C.    Bynames
1.      Marked Locatives
Name in the Text
Likely Modern Form
Dates
de Acu
Acre?
1146-47
de Bar

1151
de Barra

1155
de Branca forti

1156
de Burri

1146-47
de Frandolio

1146-47
de Funda

1160
de Gau

1146-47
de Gerin

1150
de Gossedo
Grosseto
1156
de Guella

1159
de Hibelino
Ibelin
1156
de Hosdenc

1160
de Ioppe
Jaffa
1160
de Lisuncort

1151
de Mahomeriola
Mahomeria
1159
de Monte Barro

1155
de Monte Lauduno

1146-47
de Nazareth
Nazareth
1152
de Neapoli
Nablus
1150
de Neapolim
Nablus
1156
de Pazi
Paz
1146
de Perregort
Périgord
1151
de Pirregort
Périgord
1150
de Porta

1156
de Regiteste
Rethel
1152
de Risberge

1159
de Rochia
Roche or la Roche?
1155
de Sancto Amando

1155, 1159
de Sancto Audemaro

1159
de Sancto Valerio

1159
de Samusac

1160
de Satorono

1155
de Torone
Toroni
1159
de Turcarme

1152
de Valancienes
Valenciennes
1150
de Valentienes
Valenciennes
1152
de Valentiennes
Valenciennes
1160
de Ybelino
Ibelin
1155

2.      Unmarked Locatives
Name in the Text
Likely Modern Form
Dates
Antiocheni (gen.)
of Antioch
1156
Ascalonis
of Ascalon
1155, 1156, 1160
Ascalonitanus
of Ascalon
1156
Bethlemita
of Bethlehem
1151
Cesariensis
of Caesarea
1159
Jerosolimis
of Jerusalem
1146-47
Jerosolimitanus
of Jerusalem
1144, 1159, 1160
Laodicensis
of Laodicea
1159, 1160
Neapolis
of Nablus
1146-47
Neapolitanus
of Nablus
1151, 1155, 1156, 1159, 1160
Rametensis
of Ramla
1146-47
Rigitestensis

1159
Sydoniensis
of Sidon
1146
Torpeiensis

1146
Tyberiadensis
of Tyberias
1159
Tyrensis
of Tyre
1146




3.      Occupational Bynames
            I have not included unique titles such as King, Queen, Master of the Temple or Master of the Hospital.
Name
Meaning
Dates
abbas
abbot
1146, 1146-47, 1151, 1156
archiepiscopus
archbishop
1146-47
archidiaconus
archdeacon
1146, 1160
camerarius
chamberlain
1150, 1151, 1152
cancellarius
chancellor
1146, 1146-47, 1150, 1155, 1159, 1160
castellanus
castellan
1155, 1159, 1160
canonicus
canon
1151, 1159
clericus
clerk, clergyman
1156
constabularus, constabularius
constable
1150, 1151, 1155, 1159
dapifer
steward
1151
episcopus
bishop
1146, 1146-47, 1151, 1156, 1159
Falconarius
falconer
1156
Iudex
judge, arbiter
1156, 1159
li Fanchenirs
falconer
1152
li Palmentirs
tailor
1150
marescalcus
marshal
1144, 1159, 1160
Mercatibus
merchant
1156
Notarius
notary
1156
prior
prior
1146, 1159, 1160
picerna
butler, cup-bearer
1146
thesaurarius
treasurer
1146, 1146-47
scriba
scribe
1150
subprior
sub-prior
1146

4.      Other Bynames

Name
Likely Meaning
Dates
Asinus
perhaps descriptive, “donkey, ass”
1155
Bastardi (gen.)
descriptive, “bastard”
1152
Bencellinus

1150, 1151
Bubalus
perhaps descriptive, “antelope, gazelle” or “wild ox”
1151, 1159, 1160
Capelle
perhaps locative, “chapel” or “of the chapel”
1146-47
Fulcherij

1150
Gumbaldi

1146
Lombardus
descriptive, “the Lombard”
1151
Longobardus
descriptive, “the Lombard”
1150
Malduit

1151
Niger
descriptive, “black, dusky, swarthy”
1159
Normannus
descriptive, “the Norman”
1159
Palacii (gen.)
perhaps locative, “palace” or “of the palace”
1146-47
Passerellus

1144, 1146, 1159, 1160
Rufus
descriptive, “red”
1151, 1160
Salomon

1153
Sechir

1150
Strabo
perhaps descriptive, “cross-eyed man”
1149, 1150, 1151
Tortus
perhaps descriptive, “twisted, crooked”
1159
Vacarius

1160
Vacher

1144, 1146, 1151
Vacherius

1144, 1146

D.    Place Names
Names in the Text
Likely Modern Form
Dates
Anquina

1151, 1155
Ascalonis, Ascalone
Ascalon
1160
Ascar, Aschar
Askar
1159, 1160
Baineolbederan

1160
Bethanam
Bethany
1159
Bethfella

1146
Bethleem
Bethlehem
1150, 1151
Bethsurie
Bethsuria
1152
Cafermelich

1151, 1155
Calandria
Calandria
1152
Casracos

1159, 1160
Cesariae (gen.)
Caesarea
1156
Corteis

1156
Dersabeth

1156
ecclesie beatissime Virginis Marie de valle Josaphat
Church of the Holy Virgin Mary in the valley of Josaphat
1159
ecclesie sancti Johannis
Church of Saint John
1146-47
ecclesie Sancti Lazari
Church of Saint Lazarus
1144
ecclesia Sancte Marie Vallis Josaphat
Churche of Saint Mary of the Valley of Josaphat
1146
ecclesie Sancti Sepulcri
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
1155
Emaus
Emmaus
1146-47
Geliadia
Geladia
1160
Hierusalem, Ierusalem, Iherosolimis, Jerusalem
Jerusalem
1144, 1151, 1155, 1156, 1159
Ioppe, Ioppen, Joppe
Jaffa
1146-47, 1160
Megina

1151, 1155
Mezera

1151, 1155
Ramethes
Ramle
1152
Thaeresibena

1146
Tyro, Tyrum
Tyre
1146, 1156
Viridis

1160
Vuetmoamel

1156






[1] The use of ‘J’ appears to be an error by the original transcriber.